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Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the perioperative circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) secondary to congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, and also sought to investigate the correlation between preoperative echocardiographic pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and inflammatory factor levels after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in these patients. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 59 children under 2 years old. Echocardiography was used to measure tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity (TRV). The levels of perioperative inflammatory cytokines in the plasma, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α, were measured. Additionally, postoperative ventilation time, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and ward stay were recorded. Results PAH-CHD patients showed longer postoperative ventilation time, ICU stay, and ward stay. There was a more significant increase in postoperative inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 after CPB in PAH-CHD patients compared to no PAH-CHD patients (p < 0.05). Preoperative echocardiographic PASP was identified as being associated with the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 after surgery in PAH-CHD patients, and PASP ≥ 52mmHg could predict ventilation time exceeding 21 hours after surgery. Conclusion Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed in pediatric patients with PAH-CHD after CPB. Additionally, preoperative high echocardiographic PASP was associated with elevated postoperative inflammatory factors in these patients, indicating a potential correlation with unfavorable early postoperative clinical outcomes.
Li et al. (Tue,) studied this question.