Determinants of energy system resilience

The importance of energy resilience for the EU countries and Ukraine in the context of geopolitical conflicts and challenges caused by Russian aggression is emphasized. The author em­pha­sizes the need to modernize energy net­works, continuous monitoring and analysis of the energy situation. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that influence energy resilience and the state policy of energy system resilience. It is hypothesized that in times of crisis, state regulation, in particular support for diversified energy sources, construc­tion of efficient energy infrastructure, risk mana­gement systems and transparent regulatory poli­cies, play an important role in ensuring the resilience of the energy system. To achieve the aim of the research, a complex of general scientific and special methods were used such as historical and logical; analyzing factors of energy resilience, statistical aggregation and comparison are used in compiling and analyzing energy resilience indices. Based on such indicators of energy resilience as The Global Energy Vulnerability Index and The Energy Sove­reignty Index, the vulnerabilities of the energy systems of the EU and Ukraine are assessed and their path to energy independence is outlined. The analysis revealed a significant dependence of the EU countries on energy imports, which affects their self-sufficiency, while noting progress in renewable energy, particularly in Denmark, Fin­land, and Sweden. Ukraineʼs position in this ranking is quite low and comparable to European countries such as Slovakia, Poland, and Lithuania, which is a consequence of its dependence on energy imports, as well as low economic resilience and energy efficiency. Most EU countries have achie­ved their performance targets by applying holistic approaches to energy security. The factors affect­ting energy resilience are identified, inclu­ding geopolitical conflicts, availability of energy resour­ces, reliable infrastructure, moni­toring and risk management systems, energy efficient technolo­gies, and transparent regulatory policies. The author emphasizes Ukraineʼs decision to harmo­nize its energy policy with the EU principles, which provides for the update of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine to ensure resilient economic develop­ment and climate neutrality by 2050.