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The urgency of the energy transition is leading to a rapid evolution of energy system design worldwide.In areas with widespread energy infrastructure, existing electricity, heat and mobility networks are being re-designed for carbon neutrality and are increasingly interconnected.In areas where energy infrastructure is limited, instead, networks and systems are being rapidly expanded to ensure access to energy for all.In both cases, re-designing and expanding energy systems in these directions requires information on future user behaviour and associated energy demand, yet this type of data is often unavailable.In fact, historical data are often either entirely missing or poorly representative of future behaviour within transitioning systems.This results in reliance on inadequate demand data, which affects system design and its resilience to rapid behaviour evolution.
Lombardi et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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