Parallel processing model for low-dose computed tomography image denoising

Abstract Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has gained increasing attention owing to its crucial role in reducing radiation exposure in patients. However, LDCT-reconstructed images often suffer from significant noise and artifacts, negatively impacting the radiologists’ ability to accurately diagnose. To address this issue, many studies have focused on denoising LDCT images using deep learning (DL) methods. However, these DL-based denoising methods have been hindered by the highly variable feature distribution of LDCT data from different imaging sources, which adversely affects the performance of current denoising models. In this study, we propose a parallel processing model, the multi-encoder deep feature transformation network (MDFTN), which is designed to enhance the performance of LDCT imaging for multisource data. Unlike traditional network structures, which rely on continual learning to process multitask data, the approach can simultaneously handle LDCT images within a unified framework from various imaging sources. The proposed MDFTN consists of multiple encoders and decoders along with a deep feature transformation module (DFTM). During forward propagation in network training, each encoder extracts diverse features from its respective data source in parallel and the DFTM compresses these features into a shared feature space. Subsequently, each decoder performs an inverse operation for multisource loss estimation. Through collaborative training, the proposed MDFTN leverages the complementary advantages of multisource data distribution to enhance its adaptability and generalization. Numerous experiments were conducted on two public datasets and one local dataset, which demonstrated that the proposed network model can simultaneously process multisource data while effectively suppressing noise and preserving fine structures. The source code is available at https://github.com/123456789ey/MDFTN .