Smart Agriculture for Sustainability: The Implementation of Smart Irrigation Using Real-Time Embedded System Technology

Faced with the growing challenges of water management in agriculture, this paper explores the shortcomings of traditional irrigation methods and calls for the adoption of innovative technologies to meet these challenges. This paper proposed an innovative solution by combining embedded systems (Controllers) and environmental sensors to create a real-time intelligent irrigation system. Based on these technologies, the system automatically adjusts irrigation operations in real-time, according to environmental conditions, thus improving water use efficiency. Essentially, this study developed an intelligent system capable of dynamically adjusting irrigation based on environmental parameters, including soil moisture and water level thresholds. This approach aims to reduce water wastage while improving agricultural productivity. The methodology involves the use of an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, and advanced sensors such as temperature, humidity (DHT22), moisture, water level, and pumps as actuators. The algorithm developed enabled continuous monitoring and adaptive control of the pump, as well as data logging on the controller for real-time feedback. Tests carried out confirm the effectiveness of the smart irrigation system since it has considerably reduced water wastage while maintaining optimum agricultural productivity, compared with traditional methods. This innovative approach enables farmers to save considerable quantities of water while guaranteeing a high-quality harvest. By encouraging more sustainable farming practices, this solution contributes to the preservation of natural resources and the long-term sustainability of agriculture.