Phonation types and morpho-phonological structure as linguistic prerequisites of tonogenesis

ABSTRACT: This paper provides a systematic account of tonogenesis. The emergence of tone is a process of pitch upgrading from an accompanying feature of phonation types to a distinctive feature. It involves three linguistic processes: Various phonation types, clear, breathy, falsetto, etc., which intrinsically induce pitch differences; sonorous mono-syllabic morpheme structure that enhances the pitch differences; and phonologization, which conceptualizes the enhanced pitch differences to a phonological category, tone. A flowchart is designed to show how the preconditions lead to different phono-morphological types of the world’s languages and finally output tone, and its later development. Furthermore, the geographic distributions and ecological constraints of non-modal voices and tone are explored. 摘要: 本文提供一个声调发生的系统解释。声调的产生是一个音高从发声态 的伴随特征提升为区别特征的过程，其间涉及三个步骤：各种发声态 如清洌声、气声、假声等，天然引发音高区别；高响度的单音节语素 结构强化这一音高区别；然后是音法化，即将此强化了的音高区别概 念化为一个音法范畴：声调。本文设计了一个流程图，显示这些前提 条件是如何把世界语言引向不同的音法形态结构并最后产出声调，及 其后续变化。本文还探讨了特殊发声态和声调的地理分布和生态条件。