Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Distance had been measured in previous years using the manual method, basically using measuring tape. Though there are several ways to estimate distance to a particular point without physical contact of the obstacle. One way is the use ultrasonic sensors, operating at 40 kHz, which is a wireless based. Ultrasonic transducers which consist of an ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver were implemented in this work to transmit ultrasonic signals and receive the reflected signal and calculate the time it takes for a sound pulse to reach and reflect from the desired obstruction, as the reflected echo. This device calculates the distance from the transmitter to the obstacle using the speed of sound (340m/s) at 25°C-390C ambient temperature and display on a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. Using it, we can measure distance up to 60 meters. In this work, the ultrasonic transmitter unit is excited with a 40 kHz pulse burst and expects an echo from the object or obstacle which is the intended point, whose distance we want to measure. Ultrasonic sensor measurement is among the least expensive solutions available. In this paper measurement of distance to an obstacle by using a ultrasonic transmitter and receiver and an arduino board were presented.
Gbotoso et al. (Sat,) studied this question.