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In recent years, flexible electronics have made significant strides, especially in organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, thin-film transistors, integrated circuits, sensors, and memories. This study investigates the pivotal role of organic electronics in shaping flexible and wearable technology. It explores key aspects such as conductive polymers, small molecule organic semiconductors, and the use of organic dyes and pigments in displays, alongside synthesis techniques like polymerization and vapor deposition. These methods highlight advances in flexibility engineering and integration into wearable devices, enabling innovations like textile-integrated electronics and ultra-thin, skin-like interfaces. The discussion also covers synthesis and fabrication strategies, emphasizing cost-effective, solution-processing techniques for manufacturing electrodes, interconnects, and metal contacts on various flexible substrates. Advanced materials like graphene polymer composites, carbon-nanotube composites, and polymer-ceramic composites are investigated for enhancing stretchability and flexibility in device architectures. Furthermore, the paper examines the evolution of flexible devices, focusing on design strategies for flexibility and stretchability, innovative engineering polymers, composites, and device architectures, including 3D integration. Integration techniques in wearable devices, such as textile integration and skin-like electronics, are discussed, showcasing their transformative potential in applications like health monitoring devices, smart clothing, and wearable displays. Finally, the paper proposed solutions to address challenges such as durability, stability, scalability, and manufacturing efficiency, emphasizing the ongoing quest for improved materials and manufacturing processes. The conclusion underscores the transformative potential of organic electronics, envisioning a new era of wearable and flexible technology seamlessly integrated into daily life, revolutionizing our interactions with electronic devices.
Huang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.