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The article presents the motives, requirements and problems of fault detection in passive optical networks. The main advantages and disadvantages of monitoring methods and systems proposed over the past five years are analyzed. The basic requirements for monitoring systems are formulated. The functionality of optical reflectometry in the time domain based on the Rayleigh scattering principle is considered. At the same time, methods of single-wave and tunable reflectometry were analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the Brillouin reflectometry method. To isolate backscattered signals from each branched fiber, the possibility of using identification fibers with individually prescribed Brillouin frequency shifts is analyzed. The requirements for these fibers are substantiated and the issues of resolving scattering spectra are considered. The issues of using optical reflectometry in the frequency domain for monitoring passive optical networks are considered. Research prospects for passive optical networks that support high data rates, a large number of clients, and are aimed at improving performance, reducing cost, or scalability for next-generation architectures are considered.
Bogachkov et al. (Mon,) studied this question.