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The employment of pragmatic markers can be used to convey politeness, emphasis, contrast, hesitancy, uncertainty, or assurance. In the realm of political discourse, pragmatic markers can be employed for manipulative goals, such as altering the perception of the audience, concealing or distorting information, constructing an advantageous or unfavourable image of oneself or others, or evading duty or accountability.
Al-Azzawi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.