How to combine and clean bibliometric data and use bibliometric tools synergistically: Guidelines using metaverse research

Bibliometrics (or scientometrics) is a powerful technique to assess the trajectory of scientific research. Building on the Journal of Business Research's seminal guides for bibliometric analysis—i.e., "How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines" and "Guidelines for advancing theory and practice through bibliometric research"—and using metaverse research as a case, this article presents in-depth procedural guidelines for (i) combing and cleaning bibliometric data from multiple databases (Scopus and Web of Science) and (ii) conducting bibliometric analysis using multiple tools (bibliometrix and VOSviewer). Besides serving as a guide to harness the potential of bibliometrics for insightful assessments of scientific research, this article provides noteworthy insights into various features of the metaverse. This includes an examination of decentralized systems and the integration of digital assets, alongside innovations, the influence of industrial revolutions, and ethical and sustainable development. The dynamics of digital identity, ownership, and business models are explored in tandem with engagement strategies and multi-disciplinary perspectives of the metaverse. This comprehensive analysis also addresses metaverse challenges, market behaviors, and marketing strategies. Collectively, these insights offer a robust foundation for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to shape the future of the metaverse with clarity, purpose, and impact.