Combining VR with electroencephalography as a frontier of brain-computer interfaces

This review presents an overview of the integration of virtual reality (VR) and electroencephalography (EEG), known as VR-EEG systems, and their promising applications as brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), including motor and cognitive rehabilitation, entertainment, and education. We outline the progress thus far and highlight the challenges still faced, such as hair compatibility, seamless integration of EEG sensors and VR headsets, and limited EEG recording sites and signal quality. This review also points out areas requiring advancements, such as the development of electrodes, multimodal systems, and closed-loop systems, for providing a more tailored, immersive BCI experience.