A Radiation-Free Approach Based on the Whole-Body MRI Has Shown a High Level of Accuracy in the Follow-Up of Lymphoma Patients—A Single Center Retrospective Study

Background: Recurrence, even after years from the last treatment, characterizes lymphoproliferative disorders. Therefore, patients in complete remission from the disease should be followed up with periodic clinical checks. There is not a consensus on the role of imaging for this aim, because the radiological techniques used at the time of diagnosis expose patients to a risk of ionizing radiation damage. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-MRI-DWI) has given similar results to gold standard techniques in detecting lymphoma in the involved sites without ionizing radiation. In this retrospective real-life study, we aimed to assess the accuracy of WB-MRI-DWI during follow-ups of lymphoma patients in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Methods: Lymphoma patients who were subject to at least one WB-MRI-DWI during follow-up between February 2010 and February 2022 were enrolled. Results: Based on our investigation, the calculated sensitivity of WB-MRI-DWI was 100% (95% CI: 99.4-100.0), the specificity was 98.6% (95% CI: 97.4-99.3), PPV was 79% (95% CI: 75.9-81.9), and NPV was 100% (95% CI: 99.4-100.0). Conclusions: Despite the possibility of poor patient compliance and the identification of false positives, WB-MRI-DWI examination demonstrated an excellent sensitivity in ruling out the disease relapse.