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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in various applications such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, and business automation. These networks rely on the integration of sensors to collect data quickly. However, operating WSNs efficiently, especially in scenarios where quick and reliable data acquisition is crucial, faces significant challenges due to the limited power resources of sensor nodes. This survey paper provides a detailed review of current methodologies and techniques focused on improving energy efficiency in WSNs for fast data collection. It begins by discussing the basic concepts of wireless sensor networks, highlighting the important role sensors play in gathering accurate information. Afterwards, the paper provides a summary of the issues surrounding power usage, underscoring the importance of creative solutions to prolong the network's longevity. An extensive section of the study delves into various energy-efficient protocols and algorithms aimed at improving data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The paper classifies these approaches according to their strategies for forming clusters, communication protocols, and optimization algorithms.
M. Rajalakshmi (Thu,) studied this question.