Study the Influence of Tin Oxide SnO2 Doping on the Optical and Structural Properties of Titanium Oxide TiO2

Titanium dioxide thin films, along with varying tin oxide ratios, were applied onto quartz substrates through pulsed laser deposition. The samples included pure TiO2 and doped versions ranging from 5% to 25%. The deposition parameters were kept constant at an energy level of 1000 mJ and a frequency of 6 Hz. Analysis via atomic force microscopy revealed that higher doping percentages correlated with increased surface roughness and grain diameter, indicating larger particle growth. Additionally, the absorption coefficient rose with higher doping ratios, peaking at 25% SnO2. This increase in absorption coefficient accompanied a decrease in the optical energy gap due to thicker film deposition, leading to higher absorbance and lower transmittance.