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Abstract The empirical literature comparing the innovation performance of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and private firms in China often yields conflicting results. To shed new light on this debate, we construct an extensive dataset by linking the Annual Survey of Industrial Enterprises (ASIE) dataset with patent quality data. Our analysis focuses on the impact of privatization on the innovation performance of former SOEs. Our findings suggest that the privatization of SOEs generally results in a decrease in innovation performance. This adverse effect is particularly pronounced for firms situated in regions characterized by low levels of market development or those grappling with high financial constraints. This supports the hypothesis that SOEs can serve as a mechanism to address institutional deficiencies in China's context. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relative innovation performance of SOEs and private enterprises and has significant policy implications for ongoing SOE reforms in China and other developing countries.
Wu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.