Data-Driven Insights into Controlling the Reactivity of Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Hydrated Cement

Abstract Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) play an essential role in sustainable construction due to their potential to reduce carbon emissions, promote circular economy principles, and enhance the properties of concrete. However, the inherent diversity of SCMs makes it challenging to predict their degree of reaction (DOR). This study applies machine learning techniques to predict DOR while exploring key parameters affecting it. Five machine learning models are utilized: linear regression, Gaussian process regression (GPR), decision tree regression, support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting, with GPR providing the most accurate and adaptable prediction. The study delves into the impact of various parameters on DOR, revealing their significance. Silica content emerges as the most critical, followed by particle size distribution, specific gravity, and water-to-cement (W/C) ratio. Optimizing DOR requires extending curing time, reducing particle size distribution, and considering optimal silica content and W/C ratio. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationships between parameters and the DOR of SCMs, providing insights to enhance the efficiency of SCMs in cementitious systems through machine learning and data-driven analysis.