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Abstract The BEI® committee developed BEIs to equip Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety professionals to effectively integrate biomonitoring into exposure assessment programs. Biological monitoring is the measure of an exposure biomarker in breath, urine, or blood samples, and reflects total chemical uptake. Most BEI® are derived from TLV–TWA, aligning BEI determinant concentration with absorbed amounts at TLV–TWA airborne exposure. Certain BEI® (e.g., lead, CO) prevent adverse health effects directly, while others use population-based values (POPs), especially valuable for carcinogens under ALARA principles. Before setting up a biological monitoring program, why, who, and what to sample need to be determined. The BEI® documentation details how, when, and where to sample, along with transport, storage, analysis, and reporting. The when and why of biological monitoring hinge on diverse occupational exposure routes, recognizing skin absorption and non-occupational factors. Biological monitoring complements air sampling by including all routes of exposure (inhalation, skin absorption, and non-occupational exposures) and in most cases, reflect work-related factors, often adjustable to reduce exposure or implement workplace changes. The ultimate goal is to prevent adverse health effects, ensuring a safe workplace for all.
Nancy B. Hopf (Sat,) studied this question.
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