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Abstract: Over recent years, the agricultural sector has experienced a significant shift towards implementing smart farming techniques facilitated by Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This paper introduces the conception, creation, and execution of an automatic irrigation system utilizing an ESP-32 microcontroller, soil moisture sensor, DHT-11 sensor, water level sensor, buzzer, pump motor, and GSM module. The primary objective of this system is to optimize water consumption and augment crop yield by delivering precise irrigation control based on real-time environmental data. The proposed model presents numerous advantages including improved water efficiency, minimized manual intervention, and enhanced crop yield through optimized irrigation techniques. Furthermore, its scalability and adaptability render it suitable for deployment across diverse agricultural environments. Experimental findings affirm the efficacy and dependability of the model in conserving water resources while maximizing agricultural output
Mrs. K Anusha (Thu,) studied this question.