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Abstract This study presents a comprehensive approach to flood analysis using GIS-based hydrological modeling, particularly focusing on the application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the urban area of the Mula River, Wakad watershed. The (QSWAT) tool, which is the SWAT interface for QGIS, has been used in this study. By examining data spanning nearly three decades, valuable insights are provided into the trends and impacts of land-use changes on flood scenarios. The study area encompasses a delineated watershed and sub-basin parameters, comprising slope orientation, digital elevation model (DEM), soil classification and land cover. The principal objective is to formulate a runoff model leveraging a geospatial database to evaluate the influence of land-use class alterations on QSWAT outputs at the sub basin level. QSWAT, renowned as a river basin model, is leveraged to assess the ramifications of management decisions on water resources. This investigation illustrates the application of QSWAT for stream flow simulation in an experimental basin, employing daily and hourly rainfall observations to appraise the impact of rainfall resolution on model efficacy. The catchment area for this watershed covers an estimated drainage area of 603.446 hectares, divided into 28 sub-basins. It is observed that the trend in average annual rainfall is on the rise over time. The maximum surface runoff observed is 3206 mm, with an average annual surface runoff of 117.89 mm. Analysis reveals that surface runoff does not adhere to a specific pattern, but the frequency of flood occurrences is escalating over time. In summary, the QSWAT model effectively simulated and forecasted flow, offering insights into dynamics of urban flooding and highlights the importance of proactive measures in mitigating flood risks.
Jawale et al. (Thu,) studied this question.