Bridging theory and practice: Exploring digital transformation in entrepreneurship education through a conceptual curriculum development framework in TVET

This study constructs a conceptual framework for curriculum development tailored to guide the digital transformation of entrepreneurship education in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions. Building upon Vial's digital transformation conceptual diagram, this framework integrates the process-oriented concepts of "digital transformation", "entrepreneurship education", and "curriculum development". Supported by a detailed literature analysis, the framework establishes a solid conceptual foundation, emphasizing the classical curriculum elements of "objectives", "content", "organization", and "evaluation". It further enriches these components by incorporating key insights from 12 entrepreneurship courses from various regions in China, which are explored through a qualitative content analysis of the dimensions from the constructed framework. This framework serves as both a theoretical and practical guide, offering specific strategies for adapting the TVET curriculum to align with digital trends, thereby facilitating effective global implementation while providing localized insights from the Chinese context.