Probiotic bacteria as a healthy alternative for fish and biological control agents in aquaculture

Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding sector that contributes significantly to the global food supply, with Asia accounting for 90% of production and India being the second largest aquaculture fish producer. Probiotics are used in aquaculture techniques because of the need for aquatic organism development, higher disease resistance, and feed efficiency. Several potential probiotics have been shown to produce antimicrobial substances that inhibit the growth of harmful microbes and preserve intestinal microecological equilibrium by allowing them to stick to stomach surfaces, thus impairing pathogenic growth. Aquaculture has benefited various industries, pharmaceuticals, and global food security in recent decades. Nevertheless, the stress conditions that aquatic creatures experience in aquaculture cause fish to become less resilient to illness and weaken their immune systems. Therefore, impacts local people's socioeconomic conditions and economic progress in many nations. Several approaches, including conventional practices, artificial chemicals, and antibiotics, have been used to control disease in the aquaculture sector. Hence, alternative techniques are far more important to keep the microbial ecosystem in aquaculture systems healthy. This review pre- sents the current understanding of probiotic use in aquaculture as a healthy alternative for fish and biological control agents in aquaculture and to find out its future direction for research.