Integration and Implementation of Multiple Soil Sensors for Automated and Regulated Irrigation

Agriculture is a critical sector contributing significantly to the global economy and food security. However, it faces several challenges such as climate change, water scarcity, soil nutrient depletion, and others. Efficient water management and nutrient monitoring are essential for sustainable agricultural practices; therefore, the main purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate a cost effective and efficient soil profile system, suitable for irrigation systems control, acquisition and wireless transmission of soil property data in real-time. The performance of the prototype equipment was evaluated through field testing and validation. The developed system showcased a coefficient of determination for the selected soil parameters ranging from a very strong (0.98) R2 to a strong R2 (0.88) when compared with the standard measurement. It was observed that the developed system addressed the limitations of conventional soil monitoring methods, which often lack real-time and in-situ measurement capabilities. By automating the monitoring process, the system enabled precise irrigation scheduling, optimized water usage, and reduced wastes. Additionally, the real-time nutrient data facilitate site-specific fertilizer application, promoting sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. The developed system also enables users to make informed decisions regarding irrigation scheduling, fertilizer application, and crop management, ultimately leading to increased crop yields, reduced input costs, and minimized environmental impacts. The system's affordability and wireless communication capabilities will make it accessible to a broader range of agricultural stakeholders, fostering sustainable and efficient farming practices.