Inverse Mpemba Effect Demonstrated on a Single Trapped Ion Qubit

The Mpemba effect is a counterintuitive phenomena in which a hot system reaches a cold temperature faster than a colder system, under otherwise identical conditions. Here, we propose a quantum analog of the Mpemba effect, on the simplest quantum system, a qubit. Specifically, we show it exhibits an inverse effect, in which a cold qubit reaches a hot temperature faster than a hot qubit. Furthermore, in our system a cold qubit can heat up exponentially faster, manifesting the strong version of the effect. This occurs only for sufficiently coherent systems, making this effect quantum mechanical, i.e., due to interference effects. We experimentally demonstrate our findings on a single Sr+88 trapped ion qubit. The existence of this anomalous relaxation effect in simple quantum systems reveals its fundamentality, and may have a role in designing and operating quantum information processing devices.Received 18 January 2024Accepted 24 April 2024DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.010403© 2024 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasNonequilibrium statistical mechanicsOpen quantum systems & decoherenceQuantum information with trapped ionsQuantum quenchPhysical SystemsTrapped ionsAtomic, Molecular & OpticalQuantum Information, Science & TechnologyStatistical Physics & Thermodynamics