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Abstract. In this research, the EUropean Heliosphere FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) is used as a mathematical model to examine how coronal mass ejections (CMEs) move through a solar wind flow that is not consistent in all areas, taking into account three dimensions and changes over time. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations were conducted to analyze the propagation patterns of two specific CMEs that occurred on June 21 and 25, 2015. The EUHFORIA simulations for the inner region of the heliosphere involve incorporating conditions related to CMEs and the solar wind at the boundaries. Comparative examination using data from the WIND and OMNI spacecrafts reveals that the EUHFORIA model offers a moderately precise depiction. The study highlights that interactions of CMEs play a significant role in determining their impact on Earth, highlighting that their initial speeds, while similar, are less influential. Besides, the EUHFORIA numerical model align with the findings of the GFZ German research center, this implies that EUHFORIA has also the capability to compute and potentially forecast the impact of CMEs on the Earth.
Sabri et al. (Thu,) studied this question.