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Abstract Introduction Occupational medicine, born from the harmonious relationship between work and medicine, has evolved over time, adapting to various circumstances and civilizations. It finds its roots in pioneering figures like Ramazzini and Villeneuve. This study explores the intertwined evolution of work and medicine, focusing on Morocco, with attention to the influence of traditions and professions such as mining, artisanry, and farming. Methodology Our historical research approach involved examining ancient texts and records across different periods: precolonial, colonial, and post-independence. Notably, the 13th-century contributions of the Marinids and Alawites in advancing hygiene medicine were explored. Results During the pre-colonial era, occupational medicine prioritized workers’ health and favorable conditions. Under the colonial protectorate, it formalized, primarily in mining, with military doctors as trainers. Occupational doctors had diverse roles, including medical practice, hygiene advising, and administrative tasks. Emerging legislation addressed work-related accidents, women and child labor, influenced by the 1919 International Labour Organization principles. Discussion The historical evolution of Moroccan occupational medicine reflects dynamic interactions between societal needs, medical progress, and working conditions. Workers’ associations and professional groups defended their rights, safety, and knowledge-sharing. Today, occupational medicine must meet evolving worker expectations, promoting both health and human rights. Conclusion This historical exploration reveals the enduring partnership between work and medicine, emphasizing the evolution of occupational medicine in Morocco and its vital role in safeguarding workers’ well-being and rights. As we move forward, it is imperative to ensure that occupational medicine continues to meet the evolving needs of workers, promoting both their health and their fundamental human rights.
Ghafir et al. (Mon,) studied this question.