Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) remains elusive with uncertain prevalence in the Asian population, facing multiple barriers to timely diagnosis and management.
This review highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of INOCA, particularly in the Asian population, and proposes strategies to improve management.
ABSTRACT: Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) has been a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for decades. Several studies have demonstrated that INOCA is associated with an increased risk of death, adverse cardiovascular events, poor quality of life and high healthcare cost. Although there is increasing recognition of this entity in the Western population, in the Asian population, INOCA remains elusive and its prevalence uncertain. Despite its prognostic significance, diagnosis of INOCA is often delayed. In this review, we identified the multiple barriers to its diagnosis and management, and proposed strategies to overcome them.
Soh et al. (Mon,) conducted a review in Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) remains elusive with uncertain prevalence in the Asian population, facing multiple barriers to timely diagnosis and management.