Efficient machine learning for strength prediction of ready-mix concrete production (prolonged mixing)

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the efficient process of the machine learning algorithms implemented in the ready-mix concrete (RMC) onsite. It proposes innovative machine learning algorithms in terms of preciseness and computation time for the RMC strength prediction. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an investigation of five different machine learning algorithms, namely, multilinear regression, support vector regression, k-nearest neighbors, extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST) and deep neural network (DNN), that can be used to predict the 28- and 56-day compressive strengths of nine mix designs and four mixing conditions. Two algorithms were designated for fitting the actual and predicted 28- and 56-day compressive strength data. Moreover, the 28-day compressive strength data were implemented to predict 56-day compressive strength. Findings The efficacy of the compressive strength data was predicted by DNN and XGBOOST algorithms. The computation time of the XGBOOST algorithm was apparently faster than the DNN, offering it to be the most suitable strength prediction tool for RMC. Research limitations/implications Since none has been practically adopted the machine learning for strength prediction for RMC, the scope of this work focuses on the commercially available algorithms. The adoption of the modified methods to fit with the RMC data should be determined thereafter. Practical implications The selected algorithms offer efficient prediction for promoting sustainability to the RMC industries. The standard adopting such algorithms can be established, excluding the traditional labor testing. The manufacturers can implement research to introduce machine learning in the quality controcl process of their plants. Originality/value Regarding literature review, machine learning has been assessed regarding the laboratory concrete mix design and concrete performance. A study conducted based on the on-site production and prolonged mixing parameters is lacking.