Working Mothers Characteristics And Pupils’ Academic Performance In Social Studies In Primary Schools In Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria

The study investigated working mothers’ characteristics and pupils’ academic performance in Social Studies in primary school in Calabar Education Zone. Two Research hypotheses were tested. Literature review was carried out on working mother domestic role and socio-economic status. The Survey research design was adopted for the study. This design was considered appropriate because it allows the researcher to make inference and generalization of the population by selecting and studying the sample for the study. The population of the study was working mothers in the Calabar education zone. A sample of five hundred and twenty-four working mother was used for the study. The selection was done through the stratified random sampling technique. The questionnaire titled Working Mothers Characteristics and Pupils’ academic performance Questionnaire (WMCPAPQ) was the main instrument used for data collection. The reliability estimate of the instruments was established through Cronbach Alpha Reliability method. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was the statistical technique employed to test the hypotheses under study. Each hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, working mothers’ domestic role and working mothers’ socioeconomic status significantly influence pupils’ academic performance in Calabar Education Zone. It was recommended that mothers should accept the everyday tasks of domestic role as a natural expressions of femininity and the routine care of home and pupils to provide opportunities for pupils to express and reaffirm their relation the world at large, The government should emphasize on producing impactful programmes in the interest of creating awareness for working mothers to enable them know the importance of mother- child relationship, Government should make funds available such as low interest loan to mothers to venture into other business that will enable them have time for their pupils.