Exploring the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen accountable for severe illness and mortality among immunocompromised individuals due to its extraordinary resistance to antibiotics. The regulation of pathogenic traits in P. aeruginosa is governed by a quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule named acyl homoserine lactone (AHL). The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of the compound, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (A. heterophyllus), on the number of AHL‑dependent components produced by P. aeruginosa (PAO1). A. heterophyllus is considered as a beneficial natural compound with notable inhibitory effects on several pathogens. The present study investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of A. heterophyllus against PAO1 through in vitro experiments, including minimum inhibitory concentration tests, biofilm inhibition assays and growth curve analysis. The results demonstrated that the methanolic extract of A. heterophyllus at a concentration of 10 mg/ml effectively inhibited PAO1. Additionally, the extract exhibited a 55.12% biofilm inhibitory effect at the lowest sub‑inhibitory concentration of 2.5 mg/ml, without affecting planktonic cell growth. On the whole, the findings of the present study indicate the prospective significance of A. heterophyllus as an anti‑pathogenic agent, which is effective in reducing QS‑dependent infection in PAO1.