Influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers on yield and quality indicators of promising potato hybrids

Potatoes are among agricultural crops that have a high removal of mineral nutrition elements from soils and are responsive to applied fertilizers. To obtain a high yield with excellent quality indicators of tubers that meet sanitary and hygienic control standards and do not exceed the maximum permissible concentration of nitrates, it is necessary to select a clear, balanced system for the use of mineral fertilizers. For this purpose, on the experimental fields of the Institute of agrobiotechnology, Federal Research Center, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Komi Republic, Syktyvkar), studies are being carried out on new potato hybrids obtained during the breeding process together with the Federal Research Center of Potato named after A.G. Lorkh (Moscow region, urban settlement Korenevo), for responsiveness to mineral fertilizers. In competitive trial nurseries during 2018–2021, three hybrids belonging to the mid-early group were studied: 1992-14 (Udacha ? Elmundo), 2000-60 (Colette ? FZ 1867), 2139-5 (Courage ? Aurora). As a standard, was used the zoned, mid-early variety Nevsky, recommended for the first region of cultivation of varieties and selection achievements in the territory of the Russian Federation. The research design included four options – control (without applying fertilizers) and three doses of mineral fertilizers: dose 1 – N100P80K150, dose 2 – N150P120K225 and dose 3 – N200P160K300. As a result of studies carried out on the cultivation of new promising potato hybrids against the background of various doses of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the Komi Republic, the greatest comprehensive effectiveness of doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the combination N100P80K150 was established. The use of this dose of fertilizers made it possible to obtain a significant increase in the yield of potato tubers by 20–25 % for the studied hybrids and the standard, while a change in the fractional composition of tubers was noted in favor of the medium and large fractions while maintaining the content of dry matter, starch and vitamin C at the level of the control variant without fertilizers, in the absence of excessive accumulation of nitrates in potato tubers.