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Mixed ligand complexes consisting of Cobalt (II), Nickel (II), and Copper (II) ions along with phthalimide and heterocyclic amines have found extensive applications in biological, industrial, and analytical fields. These complexes namely Cu(II)(Ph-imide)2(Py)2, Co(II)(Ph-imide)2(Py)4 and Ni(II)(Ph-imide)2(Py)4, where Ph-imide = Phthalimide and Py = Pyridine, The unique structural and electronic properties of metal complexes have made them promising candidates for antibacterial therapy. In this study, we assessed the antibacterial activity of these metal complexes against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. and Acinetobacter spp.) bacteria. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the cup-plate diffusion method and compared to that of standard antibiotics. The results showed that the metal complexes exhibited moderate to high antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria with some complexes even demonstrating superior activity compared to the standard antibiotics. Furthermore, the observed antibacterial activity was influenced by the specific metal ion and the structure of the ligands used.
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