The PATCH study: Prevalence of Hearing Loss During Ageing and Treatment Choices in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study

Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of rare hereditary collagen disorders. Hearing loss (HL) is a known complication linked to changes in the bones of the middle ear seen in OI. We aimed to determine the prevalence, age at debut, incidence, and risk of HL, surgery on bones of the middle ear, and use of hearing aids. A Danish nationwide, register-based cohort study. Data were extracted from the Danish National Patient register. Anyone with an OI diagnosis between January 1st 1977 and December 31st 2018, matched 1:5 with a reference population (Ref.Pop) on birthyear and sex, were included. 864 persons (487 women) with OI were included in the study and 4276 (2330 women) in the Ref.Pop. The sub-hazard ratio (SHR) for any HL was 4.56 95% CI 3.64–5.71, with a prevalence of 17.0% and 4.0% in the OI cohort and Ref.Pop. Median age at debut was 42 and 58 years, respectively. The risk of otosclerosis and/or surgery was higher in the OI cohort (SHR 22.51 95% CI 12.62–40.14), with a median age at debut of 43 and 32 years in the OI cohort and Ref.Pop, respectively. Hearing aid use was more frequent in the OI cohort (SHR 4.16 95% CI 3.21–5.40) than in the Ref.Pop. The median age at debut was 45 and 60 years in the OI cohort and Ref.Pop, respectively. Persons with OI have a higher risk and prevalence of HL, hearing aids, and surgery, debuting younger, and prevalence increases with age.