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Significance NATO members reaffirmed their commitment to collective defence and support for Ukraine, and recognised China as a major security threat alongside Russia. A clear concern of most members was to address some of the criticisms of NATO made by former President Donald Trump, from insufficient defence spending to underestimating the threat from China. Impacts The summit agreed to deepen NATO’s ties with Ukraine, including with a ‘minimum baseline funding’ of EUR40bn (USD43.5bn) annually for Kyiv. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will keep up diplomatic pressure on NATO leaders to ensure pledges of more aid to Kyiv are upheld. Despite a NATO pledge to "foster greater security and stability in the Middle East", there was no mention of Gaza in the final declaration. Beijing will scrutinise public statements of NATO leaders to assess the strength of members’ condemnation of its relationship with Moscow.
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