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Background: Pain arising in the facet joints, muscles, skin, subcutaneous tissues, intervertebral disks, vertebra, and muscles can follow spinal surgery due to surgical trauma. Despite having a nociceptive origin, pain can also have a neuropathic pattern. Thus, it is crucial to have enough pain medication after spinal surgery. It can involve the use of recently popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDS), localized blocks, lidocaine infusion, gabapentin, pregabalin, systemic opioids, and neuraxial analgesia.
Mohamed et al. (Tue,) studied this question.