The first years of the Turkish Republic in the coverage of the central newspapers of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s-early 1930s

The article is devoted to the coverage of the first years of the formation of the Turkish Republic by the central publications of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s and early 1930s – the newspapers "Visty VUTSVK (All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee)" and "Communist". The ideological basis of the publications was class principles, which determined the dominance on the newspapers pages of the topics of the labor and communist movements, their struggle against the capitalist system in other countries. A certain exception to this was the interwar Turkish Republic. Compared to other countries, given its close cooperation with Soviet state entities at the time, the events in Turkey were generally covered in a positive light, emphasizing the Soviet factor. The materials of the Ukrainian Soviet newspapers highlight the main domestic political and international circumstances of the formation of the Turkish Republic. There are shown the conclusion and implementation of the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, the abolition of the sultanate, the proclamation of the republic, the liquidation of the caliphate, the policy of the first president M. Kemal, the country's foreign policy, etc. The presence of an ideological component and the use of the appropriate Soviet terminology are indispensable in the assessment of events. The national liberation struggle of Turkey in 1919–1923 was evaluated as an anti-imperialist revolution, against monarchism, clericalism, and feudalism, aimed at the creation of a national state. The Turkish bourgeoisie and peasantry were presented as the social base of the revolution. The formation of the Turkish Republic was assessed as a progressive phenomenon "during the days of imperialist wars and proletarian revolutions". The Turkish revolution was assessed as the greatest among the "oppressed peoples of colonial and semi-colonial countries" of the East. The greatest attention to coverage of Turkish-Soviet relations was a feature of the Soviet newspapers. It was argued that the establishment of Bolshevik power in Russia in 1917 and their subsequent policies became a model for the Turkish revolution. Despite the political bias, the relevant materials are an important source of the peculiarities of the perception of the first republic in the Middle East in the official Ukrainian Soviet media space. The official documents published in the newspapers retain a certain information value for the study of interstate Turkish-Soviet relations.