Efficacy of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Uropathogens in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections that require medical care. It accounts for 25% of all infections. Limited number of antibiotics are available for the treatment of UTI due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Aim of the study is to determine the causative agents of UTI and to evaluate the action of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against Enterobacteriaceae in ESBL (Extended spectrum beta-lactamase) producing strains. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study carried out in the department of Microbiology, MAMC, Agroha. Data related to urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility pattern from January 2023 to December 2023 was taken from the records and analysed. Results: Out of 1648 urine samples processed, 569 showed significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli (45.3%) was the most common isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.5%), Enterococcus (17.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%). Among the gram negative bacilli, 40% were ESBL producers. These ESBL producing strains were 99% sensitive to Fosfomycin and 75% sensitive to Nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: The study revealed that Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin are very effective oral drugs for empirical treatment against gram negative uropathogens causing UTI, especially multi drug resistant strains.