Synergizing renewable energy sources in building-integrated hybrid energy systems via niche-ant colony optimization

The rapid advancement of Building-Integrated Hybrid Energy Systems (BIHES), characterized by renewable energy sources with variable generation patterns, presents significant challenges for effective integration and utilization. This paper introduces an optimal economic dispatch strategy for commercial BIHES using a Niche-Ant Colony Optimization (NACO) Algorithm. BIHES integrates renewable sources such as 200 kW photovoltaic panels, 150 kW wind turbines, and 500 kWh energy storage systems within commercial buildings. A detailed mathematical model for economic dispatch leverages a multi-load demand of 1.2 MW and flexible adjustment capabilities. The model aims to maximize on-site renewable energy use while balancing grid interaction. The NACO Algorithm, tested through comprehensive simulations, demonstrated significant improvements, resulting in a 12.96 % reduction in environmental costs, an 18.4 % reduction in the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and a 14.25 % reduction in total operational costs compared to traditional methods. Additionally, the system achieved annual CO2 savings of 25,000 tons, increased renewable energy absorption by 22 %, reduced grid dependency by 30 %, and decreased energy purchase costs by 20 %. Energy storage optimization also extended the storage system's lifecycle by 15 %. These results highlight the enhanced synergy and complementarity of multiple energy sources within BIHES, showcasing its potential for substantial economic and environmental benefits.