Biochemical and Immunological Parameters in HIV Seropositive Subjects on TLD Southsouth Nigeria

Background: HIV infection remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV), limited data exists on the biochemical and immunological effects of the preferred first-line regimen, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir (TLD), in specific regional contexts like South-South Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the differences in biochemical and immunological parameters between HIV seropositive subjects on TLD and healthy controls in this region. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Nigerian Navy Hospital in Warri, Nigeria. We recruited 100 HIV-positive participants receiving TLD, and 100 HIV-negative controls were included. Blood samples were analyzed for sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl¯), urea, creatinine (Crt), C-reactive protein (CRP), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uromodulin (UMOD), nephrin (Neph), and interleukin-10 (Il 10). We used Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients for statistical analysis. Results: HIV seropositive subjects on TLD exhibited significantly higher sodium levels, elevated urea and creatinine, increased CRP and GSTs, lower UMOD, higher Neph, and reduced IL-10 levels compared to HIV-negative controls. Conclusion: HIV seropositive subjects on TLD in South-South Nigeria exhibit significant alteratioguy ns in renal function, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to HIV-negative controls. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive biochemical and immunological monitoring in this population to optimize patient care and inform treatment strategies.