Comparative analysis of the status of a victim of a criminal offence in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Germany

Relevance. The relevance of the study lies in the examination of the status of a victim of a crime, the protection and enforcement of their rights, the consideration of the victim institution in different countries, in particular in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Germany. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to examine the features of the victim's status and conduct their legal analysis in various states, to study and ensure the interests and rights of the victim, which are violated during the pre-trial investigation and trial. Methodology. The methods by which the research of the given subject is conducted include dialectical, legal, formal legal, hermeneutic, logical-legal, structural-functional, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc. Results. The results of this study include the establishment of a definition of the term victim. The essence and content of the status of the victim are determined. A list of legal regulations is provided, which forms the basis for regulating the victim institution in criminal proceedings. A legal analysis of the status of the victim in different countries, specifically Russia, Kazakhstan, and Germany, is conducted. The experiences of these countries highlight both the negative and positive aspects of the regulation of this institution. Conclusions. In the course of the study, a legal analysis and comparison of the common and distinctive features inherent in the victim institution in criminal proceedings were conducted. Recommendations on the effective protection and enforcement of the rights of victims were included. The provisions enshrined in this study are of practical value to citizens and all persons whose rights may be violated by a criminal act, as well as to state bodies whose powers are aimed at ensuring the protection of the rights of crime victims. Keywords: victim's rights; enforcement; criminal proceedings; procedures; interests