Key drivers of cybersecurity audit effectiveness: A neo‐institutional perspective

The aim of this paper is to analyse which factors explain the effectiveness of internal audit in providing assurance about cybersecurity risk management. On the basis of neo‐institutional theory, we hypothesize that coercive (cybersecurity regulation), normative (professionalization of internal auditors and Boards) and mimetic forces (outsourcing of cyber security assurance services) positively contribute to cybersecurity audit (CSA) effectiveness. As these forces do not come about in an interest free model, we study the role of and the interaction with other actors who shape the CSA practices—Boards and security experts. We hypothesize that Board's support to CSA and the level of internal auditors' cooperation with the first and the second line of defence positively affect CSA effectiveness. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a survey involving IT auditors and Chief Audit Executives from various industries, organizations of different sizes and countries. We examined the hypothesized relationships in a series of regression analyses. We find that normative forces (professionalization of the internal auditors and Boards' competences), Board's support to CSA and cooperation between the internal audit function (IAF) and the first two line of defence significantly explain the CSA effectiveness. We find no support for the effect of regulation as a coercive force and outsourcing as a mimetic force. We discuss potential reasons for our findings and their implications. The paper is an original analysis that advances our understanding of key drivers of CSA effectiveness and their relationships.