Potato Regenerants Morphogenesis Intensity When Using Lighting of Various Spectral Composition

The aim of research is to establish the optimal parameters of LED lighting for in vitro cultivation of meristem plants of different potato varieties in order to optimize the elements of the original potato seed production technology. Research was conducted in 2023 in the laboratory of agricultural plant biotechnology of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. The object of research was meristem plants of six potato varieties. The explants were grown on a Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium for 40 days using various sources of artificial LED lighting. The photoperiod duration was 16 hours, the air temperature was 22–24 °C, the relative humidity was 70–75 %. After 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of cultivation, the biometric para¬meters of the regenerants were measured – plant length and the number of internodes. When growing meristematic potato plants in vitro, lighting of different spectral composition had a positive effect on the growth and development of regenerants at different periods of their development. At the initial stages of vegetation, the maximum parameters of growth and development of regenerants were revealed when using white and combined lighting. By the end of the vegetation period, plants in the variant with red-violet spectrum lighting were characterized by a significantly higher length and number of internodes. A pronounced variety-specific response of meristematic plants to different lighting conditions was shown. During the entire exposure period, an increase in the share of the influence of the interaction of genotypic and environmental factors on the variability of plant length was noted. The interaction of factors was also decisive for the number of internodes in the first 30 days of vegetation. In the last decade of vegetation, the maximum contribution to the variability of the trait was made by the lighting factor. For practical use in ori¬ginal seed production of potatoes, individual selection of LED lighting parameters for each variety is recommended with a gradual increase in the red-violet spectrum after the tenth day of exposure.