Key Concepts of the Historical Development of the "Russian Idea" in a Philosophical Aspect

The author of the article presents a study on the dialectics of the universal spirit from the perspective of Russian philosophy. The interrelation of concepts such as "national spirit," "folk soul," "national self-consciousness," "national character," and others is analyzed. The significance of the "Russian idea" for Russian self-consciousness is shown, revealing the uniqueness of the worldview of the Russian people, basic traditional values, and the distinctive path of civilization development. A historical overview and the stages of the development of ideas about the "Russian idea" are provided, highlighting the peculiarities of the development of national self-consciousness. The author elaborates on the idea that the "Russian idea" is one of the philosophical foundations of national self-consciousness, representing a unique understanding of the Russian soul and national character. The author employs methods of historical-philosophical analysis and the cultural studies method, allowing for an analysis of the course of historical changes in ideas about the Russian idea over centuries.