Educational methods of Ukrainian theatrical design schools of the ХХ century in the context of European theatrical practice

The article examines the conditions for the formation and development of Ukrainian theatrical design schools of the XX century in the context of the revolutionary processes of European and Ukrainian theatre art. The causes and consequences of the introduction into European and Ukrainian theatrical design practice of two theatre reforms of the XX century are determined, as well as the impact on the educational process of changing the function of the theatre in society, the tasks of theatrical design and the role of the theatrical designer in creating a performance. The conditions of emergence and development, creative platforms and pedagogical methods of the largest Ukrainian theatrical design schools are analyzed: the model workshop at the «Berezil» theatre of Les Kurbas and Vadym Meller in the 20-s — 30-s of the ХХ century; academic school of theatrical design at the Boris Kosarev Kharkov Art Institute of the 20-s — 60-s of the ХХ century; theatrical design laboratories at the theatre society and at the Kyiv Art Institute of Danylo Lider in the 70-s —80-s of the XX century and the Lvov school of practical theatrical design at the end of the 20th century. It has been found that no systematic scientific studies of the art of theatrical design, as a special type of fine art, are being conducted in Ukraine today. It is noted that one educational program is critically insufficient to meet the needs of Ukrainian theatres for professional theatrical designers. Especially, taking into account the significant change in the arsenal of theatrical designers' tools: the replacement of picturesque backdrops with video projections; expansion of possibilities of light equipment, development of digital 3d technologies, etc.; as well as the «de-dramatization» of the performance — the replacement of the plot with a chronic image, montage, collage, and bringing the theatre art closer to the happening, the performance of the environment, where the emphasis is shifted from the work to the process of art activity itself. Thus, the article proves that new realities require an urgent increase in the number of professional theatrical designers and the updating of educational methods of the modern Ukrainian school of theatrical design, both taking into account the methodological experience of previous national theatrical design schools, and in accordance with the new challenges of the time. The opening of the new educational program «Theatrical design» is an urgent need for the successful development of Ukrainian theatrical art and further integration into the European cultural space.