Laparoscopic VS Open Radical prostatectomy. Comparison of perioperative and early postoperative outcomes in the Management of Localized Prostate Cancer. A Single-Center Quasi-Experimental Study in Ireland

Background: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to open radical prostatectomy for the management of localized prostate cancer. Despite ongoing debates regarding their comparative benefits and drawbacks, comprehensive evaluations of perioperative and early postoperative outcomes are essential. Objectives: To compare perioperative and early postoperative outcomes between laparoscopic and open radical prostatectomy techniques in the management of localized prostate cancer. Methods: This single-center quasi-experimental study was initiated after approval in January 2015 from College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences Research Ethics committee with approval no: NN29. In two years, retrospective analysis of 66 case of laparoscopic group (LG) and 59 cases of open group (OG) of radical prostatectomy cases performed. Predefined criteria guided patient selection, and data were collected prospectively on perioperative factors. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare outcomes between the two surgical approaches. Consent was taken from participants. Results: Mean ages were LG 57.95±6.68 years and OG 60.13±5.45 years. Preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels were LG 6.68±2.78 ng/mL and OG 8.85±4.32 ng/mL. Distribution of preoperative grades differed between both groups. Mean operating times were LG 195.6 minutes±26.11 and OG 167.5 minutes±30.50. Blood loss averaged LG 406.6 mL±144.64 and OG 1057 mL±620.68. Postoperative stay durations were LG 4.94 days±2.91 and OG 6.46 days±1.93. Histological stages and grades varied postoperatively in both groups. Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy's advantages over open surgery for localized prostate cancer, citing reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery. Despite longer operating times, laparoscopic cases demonstrate benefits, contributing to the debate on surgical approaches.