Factor Analysis as a Tool for Optimizing the Training Process in Women's Handball

The aim of the study is to identify the most significant indicators of anaerobic performance in highly qualified female handball players. The research methods used were analysis and synthesis of specialized literature and the measurement of anaerobic performance in high-level handball players, factor analysis was employed. The results of the study show that the largest percentage of dispersion among highly qualified handball players falls on the cardiorespiratory factor. High factor loadings on indicators such as peak volume speed, stroke volume, forced vital capacity of the lungs, and maximum lung ventilation confirm the importance of cardiorespiratory preparation in improving anaerobic performance. The second-largest percentage of dispersion focuses on specialized aspects of physical preparedness, such as touching the four corners of the goal, ball handling, and specific heart efficiency indicators, highlighting the importance of integrating technical skills and specialized physical exercises into the training process. The third factor includes general physical preparedness, such as short-distance running and jumping, which are also important for improving anaerobic performance, emphasizing the need for harmonious development of physical abilities that affect the anaerobic potential of athletes. The study results underline the importance of creating integrated training programs that take into account the interactions between various physiological systems and their impact on athletic performance. Optimizing training influences allows for the most efficient use of training time and resources to achieve better sports results. Conclusions. Focusing on the specifics of bioenergetic processes necessary for a particular sport provides more targeted and effective training, especially through the selection of appropriate exercises and methods. Balancing training loads and recovery is critically important for ensuring long-term development and health of athletes. Understanding hormonal and immune responses to various training stimuli helps optimize this process.