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In recent years, the number of patients with rheumatic diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis has been increasing, with over 3 million young people suffering from the disease. One main causal factor for these diseases is tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that triggers mutations and apoptosis of various cell types by activating multiple signalling pathways. NF-KB is an essential intracellular nuclear transcription factor that participates in the inflammatory and immune responses of the organism and regulates apoptosis and stress responses. Excessive activation of NF-KB has been linked to inflammatory changes in various human diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Therefore, inhibition of the NF-KB signalling pathway by drugs may become a therapeutic approach. Among multiple signalling pathways that induce inflammation, the TNF-/NF-KB signalling pathway is considered the most important. This review will discuss the relevant diseases for which modulation of the TNF-/NF-KB signalling pathway is the main therapeutic strategy. These strategies include targeted inhibition by blocking the TNF-a/NF-KB signalling pathway, modulation of inflammatory factor transmission at the nanoscale by ribonucleotides, and Oncolytic virus therapy. Some of these strategies are effective and have been applied to treat multiple diseases; others are still in the exploratory phase, but the potential of these exploratory therapies is enormous and promises to overcome the limitations of traditional therapeutic strategies.
Conghao Ouyang (Fri,) studied this question.