Linguistic characteristics of false statements (based on the material of American political discourse)

In this article, the phenomenon of lying is considered in the discourse of political power. The purpose of the study is to identify the linguistic means by which false information is formed in the speech of American political figures. The scientific novelty of the undertaken research lies in the fact that for the first time the linguistic characteristics of false statements in political texts in English are described. The article describes the findings of a pilot study. The study used the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) program for computer speech analysis. The program analyzed political statements classified as "true" and "false" on the Politifact.com website. Additionally, the study explored the lexical differences between the two types of statements in prepared speeches. The study revealed that false statements tend to have fewer first-person pronouns and more third-person pronouns compared to truthful statements. Additionally, false statements often include a higher number of words expressing negative emotions and negation. Furthermore, the length of sentences containing false information tends to be longer than those with true information.