Scaling up and scaling out of darkness: Elucidating the influences of institutional dysfunction in scaling up solar PV in Sub-Saharan Africa

Although researchers increasingly recognize the significant impact of institutional dysfunction on emerging economies, there remains a major gap regarding its influence on firms' upstream and downstream activities in scaling up renewable efforts. Drawing on data from solar photovoltaic (PV) intermediary business owners/entrepreneurs and regulators in Ghana, this paper examines the mechanisms through which these activities interact to facilitate the scaling-up efforts of renewable energy. The study uncovers three unique interactive processes through which institutional dysfunctions shape scaling-up efforts. Phase 1 focuses on unmasking institutional dysfunctions as impeding forces on both upstream and downstream activities. Phase 2 signifies a paradigm shift towards proactively re-engaging and reshaping institutional dysfunctions. This phase entails a range of organizational actions, including strategic interventions, dismantling ineffective practices, and wider concerted efforts geared towards turning dysfunctional institutions into potential sources of opportunity. Phase 3 represents the final stage in the evolution towards scaling up, focusing on deficiencies in the aftermarket support environment, specifically maintenance and repair services after sales. The insights derived from the study offer valuable implications for practitioners, policymakers, and scholars.