Accuracy of Clinical Staging of Localized Colon Cancer: A National Cancer Database Cohort Analysis

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess concordance between clinical and pathologic assessment of colon cancer. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with stage I–III colon cancer in the National Cancer Database (2010–2019) was conducted. Concordance between clinical and pathologic assessment of colon cancer was calculated using Kappa coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 125,473 patients (51.2% female; mean age 68.2 years) were included. There was moderate concordance between clinical and pathologic T stage (Kappa = 0.606, 95%CI: 0.602–0.609) and between clinical and pathologic N stage (Kappa = 0.506, 95%CI: 0.501–0.511). For right-sided colon cancer, there was moderate agreement between clinical and pathologic T stage (Kappa = 0.594, 95%CI: 0.589–0.599) and N stage (Kappa = 0.530, 95%CI: 0.523–0.537). For left-sided colon cancer, there was substantial agreement between clinical and pathologic T stage (Kappa = 0.624, 95%CI: 0.619–0.630) and moderate agreement between N stage (Kappa 0.472, 95%CI: 0.463–0.480). Sensitivity of clinical assessment of T and N stage ranged from 64.3% to 77.2% and 41.6% to 54.5%, respectively. Specificity ranged from 96.7% to 97.7% for T stage and 95.7% to 97.3% for N stage. Conclusions Clinical assessment of T and N stages of colon cancer had good diagnostic accuracy with moderate concordance with the final pathologic stage. While clinical assessment was highly specific with < 3% of patients being over-staged, it had modest sensitivity, especially for detection of nodal involvement. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment of right and left colon cancers was similar, except for higher sensitivity and accuracy of assessment of nodal involvement in right than left colon cancers.